^B{^#!16!16 October^N! Feast day of Saints Martinian and Maxima, St Margaret- Mary, St Anastasius of Cluny, St Hedwig, St Bertrand of Comminges, St Becharius, St Mommolinus, St Lull, St Gerard Majella, and St Gall.
^B{1815^B} Napoleon was exiled to the Atlantic island of St Helena. ^B{1846^B} The first public surgical operation using ether as an anesthetic was performed at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. ^B{1902^B} The first detention center housing young offenders was opened in Borstal, Kent, UK. ^B{1922^B} The Simplon II railroad tunnel, under the Alps, was completed. ^B{1946^B} Nazi war criminals, including von Ribbentrop, Rosenberg, and Streicher, were hanged at Nuremberg. ^B{1964^B} China exploded a nuclear device. ^B{1964^B} Labour Party leader Harold Wilson became Prime Minister. ^B{1978^B} Cardinal Karol Wojtyla was elected Pope John Paul II - the first non-Italian pope since 1542. ^B{1987^B} Southern England was hit by hurricane force winds, causing 19 deaths and hundreds of millions of pounds' worth of damage.
^B{^I{^#!14!Born ^N}Noah Webster, US lexicographer, ^B{1758^B}; Oscar Wilde, Irish dramatist and author, ^B{1854^B}; Austen Chamberlain, British statesman, ^B{1863^B}; David Ben Gurion, Israeli statesman, ^B{1886^B}; Eugene O'Neill, US dramatist, ^B{1888^B}; Gⁿnter Grass, German novelist, ^B{1927^B}.
^B{^I{^#!14!Died ^N}Hugh Latimer, bishop and Protestant martyr, ^B{1555^B}; Nicholas Ridley, bishop and Protestant martyr, ^B{1555^B}; Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, ^B{1793^B}; George Marshall, US general and diplomat, ^B{1959^B}; Moshe Dayan, Israeli general and politician, ^B{1981^B}; Cornel Wilde, US film actor, ^B{1989^B}; Paolo Bortoluzzi, Italian dancer and choreographer, ^B{1993^B}.
